Hi,
How are you? Testicular cancer is an abnormal growth of cells in the testicles. The testicles are the male reproductive organs (gonads), where sperm are produced. Unlike many other cancers, testicular cancer does not seem to run in families. We know that certain factors like cryptorchidism, exposure of the male fetus to diethylystilbesterol in the intrauterine life, testicular atrophy and infections like HIV have the propensity to cause testicular cancer.
Symptoms range from lump in the testicle with aching sensation, heaviness in the groin and pelvis to breast tenderness in some cases.
Diagnosis is made by physical examination and scrotal ultrasound. If testicular cancer is found, a chest x-ray and CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis are used to look for further spread of the disease. Tumor markers like alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), beta human chorionic gonadotropin (bHCG), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) indicate the presence of cancer.
Tumor stage is a critical measure of how much the cancer has spread. Knowing the stage is important because it guides treatment. Preliminary staging is based on the results of the imaging studies and lab tests.
Treatment involves orchiectomy.
Best.
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